This volume presents a compilation of 16 new articles on plant ecological research in China concurrently published in 2010 in a special issue of the journal, Plant Ecology. The volume provides an introduction to plant ecology in China, identifying recent trends in research and numbers of publications in English language outlets, and a bibliography of articles published in Plant Ecology since 1997. This volume highlights how the internationalization of science is now providing the non-chinese research community with detailed information on pure and applied research in China spanning all areas of plant ecology.