Inhaltsangabe1. Immune Risk Phenotypes and Associated Parameters in Very Old Humans: A Review of Findings in the Swedish NONA Immune Longitudinal Study.1 Anders Wikby, Frederick Ferguson, Jan Strindhall, Rosalyn J. Forsey, Tamas Fulop, Sine Reker Hadrup, Per thor Straten, Graham Pawelec and Boo Johansson Introduction.1 NONA Immune Subjects.3 Health Parameters.4 Immune System Parameters.4 Immune Parameters and Morbidity.4 Immune Risk Phenotype, Cognitive Impairment and Mortality.5 Allostatic Load.6 IRP, TCell Differentiation and Persistent Viral Infection.7 TCR Clonotype Mapping.10 Low Grade Inflammation.11 IRP Movement.11 Conclusions and Future Direction.12 2. Scoring of Immunological Vigor: Trial Assessment of Immunological Status as a Whole for Elderly People and Cancer Patients.15 Katsuiku Hirokawa, Masanori Utsuyama, Yuko Kikuchi and Masanobu Kitagawa Infection Is a Major Cause of Death in the Elderly.15 A Significant Number of Cancer Patients Die of Infection.16 Assessment of the Immunological State.18 Restoration of Immune Function. 20 Effect of Infusing Activated T-Cells in the Mouse Model.21 3. Remodelling of the CD8 T-Cell Compartment in the Elderly: Expression of NK Associated Receptors on T-Cells Is Associated with the Expansion of the Effector Memory Subset.24 Inmaculada Gayoso, M Luisa Pita, Esther Peralbo, Corona Alonso, Olga DelaRosa, Javier G. Casado, Julian de la Torre-Cisneros, Raquel Tarazona and Rafael Solana Introduction. 24 Expression of NKR on T-Cells in Ageing: The Expansion of CD8 T-Cells Expressing NK Associated Receptors in the Elderly Is due to the Expansion of Effector Memory 2 T-Lymphocytes.25 CMVSpecific CD8 TCells Are Expanded in the Elderly Expression of NK Associated Receptors. 28 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects. 30 4. Telomeres, Telomerase and CD28 in Human CD8 T-cells: Effects on Immunity during aging and HIV infection.34 Steven R. Fauce and Rita B. Effr