Humans have a remarkable ability to learn and remember information, but, unfortunately, we are also prone to forgetting and other memory flaws, such as false memories. Metamemory monitoring during learning is the process learners use to assess the likelihood that they can recall studied material and to judge what material they need to spend more time learning. This volume explores the factors that predict monitoring accuracy during learning, the strategies used to increase accuracy, and the consequences of monitoring accuracy for learning outcomes. Included are a systemic review of the research on strategies that help students to accurately monitor their learning and understanding in educational settings; an experimental exploration of the boundary conditions for the beneficial effects of highly accurate monitoring of learning on self-regulation and performance; and examinations of the relations between characteristics of learning and memory (e.g., errorful generation) and the accuracy of metamemory monitoring.