Extreme Tissue Engineering is an engaging introduction to Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), allowing the reader to understand, discern and place into context the mass of scientific, multi-disciplinary data currently flooding the field. It is designed to provide interdisciplinary, ground-up explanations in a digestible, entertaining way, creating a text which is relevant to all students of TERM regardless of their route into the field. Organised into three main sections: chapters 1 to 3 introduce and explain the general problems; chapters 4 to 6 identify and refine how the main factors interact to create the problems and opportunities we know all too well; chapters 7 to 9 argue us through the ways we can use leading-edge (extreme) concepts to build our advanced solutions. Students and researchers in areas such as stem cell and developmental biology, tissue repair, implantology and surgical sciences, biomaterials sciences and nanobiomedicine, bioengineering, bio-processing and monitoring technologies - from undergraduate and masters to doctoral and post-doctoral research levels - will find Extreme Tissue Engineering a stimulating and inspiring text. Written in a fluid, entertaining style, Extreme Tissue Engineering is introductory yet challenging, richly illustrated and truly interdisciplinary.

InhaltsangabePreface: Extreme Tissue Engineering - a User's Guide xi 1 Which Tissue Engineering Tribe Are You From? 1 1.1 Why do we need to engineer tissues at all? 1 1.1.1 Will the real tissue engineering and regenerative medicine please stand up? 2 1.1.2 Other people's definitions 3 1.1.3 Defining our tissue engineering: fixing where we are on the scale-hierarchy 4 1.2 Biointegration as a fundamental component of engineering tissues 7 1.2.1 Bioscientists and physical scientists/engineers: understanding diversity in TERM 8 1.3 What are the 'tribes' of tissue engineering? 10 1.3.1 Special needs for special characteristics: why is networking essential for TERM? 13 1.4 Surprises from tissue engineering (Veselius to Vacanti) 16 1.5 So really is there any difference between tissue engineering and regenerative medicine? 20 1.5.1 Questions never really asked: repair versus regeneration? 20 1.5.2 Understanding the full spectrum: tissue replacement repair and regeneration 23 1.6 Conclusions 27 1.7 Summarizing definitions 28 Annex 1 Other people's definitions of tissue engineering 29 Annex 2 Other people's definitions of regenerative medicine 30 Further reading 30 2 Checking Out the Tissue Groupings and the Small Print 33 2.1 Checking the small print: what did we agree to engineer? 33 2.2 Identifying special tissue needs problems and opportunities 37 2.3 When is 'aiming high' just 'over the top'? 39 2.4 Opportunities risks and problems 41 2.4.1 Experimental model tissues (as distinct from spare-parts and fully regenerated tissues) 41 2.4.2 The pressing need for 3D model tissues 42 2.4.3 Tissue models can be useful spin-offs on the way to implants 42 2.5 Special needs for model tissues 44 2.5.1 Cell selection: constancy versus correctness 44 2.5.2 Support matrices - can synthetics fake it? 45 2.5.3 Tissue dimensions: when size does matter! 46 2.6 Opportunities and sub-divisions for engineering clinical implant tissues 46 2.6.1 Making physiological implants: spare parts or complete replacement? 47 2.6.2 Making pathological and aphysiological constructs: inventing new parts and new uses 47 2.6.3 Learning to use the plethora of tissue requirements as an opportunity 48 2.7 Overall summary 49 Further reading 49 3 What Cells 'Hear' When We Say '3D' 51 3.1 Sensing your environment in three dimensions: seeing the cues 51 3.2 What is this 3D cell culture thing? 54 3.3 Is 3D for cells more than a stack of 2Ds? 55 3.4 On in and between tissues: what is it like to be a cell? 58 3.5 Different forms of cell-space: 2D 3D pseudo-3D and 4D cell culture 62 3.5.1 What has '3D' ever done for me? 62 3.5.2 Introducing extracellular matrix 63 3.5.3 Diffusion and mass transport 65 3.5.4 Oxygen mass transport and gradients in 3D engineered tissues: scaling Mount Doom 66 3.6 Matrixrich cellrich and pseudo3D cell cultures 69 3.7 4D cultures - or cultures with a 4th dimension? 71 3.8 Building our own personal understanding of cell position in its 3D space 73 3.9 Conclusion 75 Further reading 75 4 Making Support-Scaffolds Containing Living Cells 77 4.1 Two in one: maintaining a synergy means keeping a good duet together 77 4.2 Choosing cells and support-scaffolds is like matching carriers with cargo 78 4.3 How like the 'real thing' must a scaffold be to fool its resident cells? 80 4.4 Tissue prosthetics and cell prosthetics - what does it matter? 83 4.5 Types of cell support material for tissue engineering - composition or architecture? 85 4.5.1 Surface or bulk - what does it mean to the cells? 85 4.5.2 Bulk material breakdown and the local 'cell economy' 85 4.6 Three generic types of bulk composition for support materials 86 4.6.1 Synthetic materials for cell supports 88 4.6.2 Natural native polymer materials for cell supports 90 4.6.3 Hybrids: composite cell support materials having sy

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